Black Friday Descriptive Essay

There are encounters in life that make an everlasting effect on our character. Seeing direct what sort of intestinal backbone one has can be both fulfilling and lowering. The shopping extravaganza following Thanksgiving is the first day utilized by Special Forces Assessment and Selection to test the people who volunteer to serve in the world class Army Special Forces Green Berets. Similarly the same number of individuals before me stretched themselves to as far as possible; I was going to encounter my own trial of will. Camp Mackall landing strip is found a mile or so from the principle preparing area.The runway is encircled on all sides by the thickest pine woodland, one that you would believe wasn't coincidentally. The thick summer mugginess sucked the oxygen from the air. Incredibly the dew and mist never fully leave the landing strip, as though to make a progressively grave climate. The runway itself looks broken down and left more as a token of an alternate time. WWII period tru cks, rusted and worn, are bolted behind a fence as a steady token of the torment that will come week three. The smell is practically charming, similar to a light, making a misguided feeling of solace that will before long be shattered.The trainig starts before sunrise, the time wasn't known since watches weren't permitted. The stirring of 400 energetic spirits, prepared for the torment we as a whole knew was coming, filled the air. Boisterous bullhorns and detonating arms originating from each course muffled all endeavors to compose the mass of applicants. The run to the landing strip was moderate yet intentional, and didn't take long. When assembled on the runway some last guidelines were given, bunches were made and scattered equitably all through the field.Like gathering for somewhat game, Green Berets from all over Fort Bragg position themselves with crease out seats anticipating the energy of different people groups torment. Some even have food, which adds to the hopelessness o f not having ordinary nourishment for seven days. A neighborhood fire engine comes shouting by horns bursting and lights blazing, and stops just to one side of the mass of applicants. I get myself, rifle close by, nearest to the fire engine thinking about what is straightaway. The great starts with a teacher quickly clarifying the first â€Å"exercise.†The basic assignment before long felt like a mountain that never appeared to quit rising. Soon after I hit the soil, face first the fire engine starts to point the high weight hose at me compelling me to either persevere through the sting or move quicker. I slither for what appeared everlastingly until I heard a horn flagging this station was done, for the time being. I stand up and move to the following station, straightforward rifle practice was the assignment. With the rifle just gauging five pounds the development appeared to be simple; lift over the head, at that point down to the midriff, at that point back up again.By th e hundredth redundancy the rifle should have gauged a hundred pounds. Next was logs, 400 pound logs smooth and possessing an aroma like past competitors sweat. The errand was to lift the log up, as a group, and afterward lower to the contrary shoulder. This is the main occasion that tried everyone’s assurance and explanation behind going to the course, unfortunately competitors started to stop. The heaviness of the log, and dissatisfaction with individual up-and-comers, added to developed men saying they couldn't take it.The excellent pine woods scenery was supplanted with brilliant mimicked assault rifle shoot, detonating weapons and educators staring at each indication of shortcoming. It was somewhere close to burpee long bounces and pot ringer swings that I got a brief look at a sight that I can even now picture today. The shoot hose was showering into the air making a fog, the gag flashes from the automatic weapons flashed splendidly. The 300 applicants kept moving with s uch energy helping me to remember why I was there,which gave me the lift I expected to persevere through a few additional long periods of unadulterated pain.The run home was calm and snappy, developed men enthusiastic for good dinners prepared to eat (MREs). The unadulterated delight of being pushed to the point of all out uneasiness and breaking through a psychological hindrance emanated from each man there. As unexpectedly as it started the day basically simply finished. Nothing else about Balck Friday is unique with the exception of classic gut check. The torment, interruptions and criticism were intended to remove the frail and hold the solid. Understanding this caused me to value making it through and now having the apparatuses expected to defeat life’s hindrances. The shopping extravaganza following Thanksgiving Descriptive Essay There are encounters in life that make an everlasting effect on our character. Seeing direct what sort of intestinal determination one has can be both fulfilling and lowering. The shopping extravaganza following Thanksgiving is the first day utilized by Special Forces Assessment and Selection to test the people who volunteer to serve in the tip top Army Special Forces Green Berets. Similarly the same number of individuals before me stretched themselves to as far as possible; I was going to encounter my own trial of will. Camp Mackall landing strip is found a mile or so from the fundamental preparing area.The runway is encircled on all sides by the thickest pine timberland, one that you would believe wasn't unintentionally. The thick summer dampness sucked the oxygen from the air. Incredibly the dew and haze never fully leave the landing strip, as though to make a progressively grave environment. The runway itself looks weather beaten and left more as a token of an alternate time. WWI I period trucks, rusted and worn, are bolted behind a fence as a steady token of the torment that will come week three. The smell is practically charming, similar to a flame, making a misguided feeling of solace that will before long be shattered.The trainig starts before sunrise, the time wasn't known since watches weren't permitted. The stirring of 400 excited spirits, prepared for the agony we as a whole knew was coming, filled the air. Uproarious bullhorns and detonating weapons originating from each course overwhelmed all endeavors to compose the mass of applicants. The run to the landing strip was moderate however deliberate, and didn't take long. When assembled on the landing strip some last guidelines were given, bunches were made and scattered uniformly all through the field.Like gathering for somewhat game, Green Berets from all over Fort Bragg position themselves with crease out seats anticipating the energy of different people groups torment. Some even have food, which a dds to the wretchedness of not having ordinary nourishment for seven days. A neighborhood fire engine comes shouting by horns blasting and lights blazing, and stops just to one side of the mass of up-and-comers. I get myself, rifle close by, nearest to the fire engine thinking about what is straightaway. The pleasant starts with a teacher quickly clarifying the first â€Å"exercise.†The straightforward undertaking before long felt like a mountain that never appeared to quit rising. Soon after I hit the soil, face first the fire engine starts to point the high weight hose at me constraining me to either persevere through the sting or move quicker. I slither for what appeared perpetually until I heard a horn flagging this station was done, for the time being. I stand up and move to the following station, straightforward rifle practice was the undertaking. With the rifle just gauging five pounds the development appeared to be simple; lift over the head, at that point down to the midriff, at that point back up again.By the hundredth redundancy the rifle should have gauged a hundred pounds. Next was logs, 400 pound logs smooth and resembling past applicants sweat. The errand was to lift the log up, as a group, and afterward lower to the contrary shoulder. This is the main occasion that tried everyone’s assurance and purpose behind going to the course, unfortunately applicants started to stop. The heaviness of the log, and disappointment with individual applicants, added to developed men saying they couldn't take it.The wonderful pine timberland setting was supplanted with splendid reproduced automatic weapon shoot, detonating arms and educators staring at each indication of shortcoming. It was somewhere close to burpee long hops and pot chime swings that I got a brief look at a sight that I can even now picture today. The shoot hose was splashing into the air making a fog, the gag flashes from the automatic rifles flashed splendidly. The 300 competito rs kept moving with such force helping me to remember why I was there,which gave me the lift I expected to bear a few additional long periods of unadulterated pain.The run home was peaceful and brisk, developed men energetic for good dinners prepared to eat (MREs). The unadulterated delight of being pushed to the point of complete distress and breaking through a psychological boundary transmitted from each man there. As unexpectedly as it started the day essentially simply finished. Nothing else about Balck Friday is exceptional with the exception of classic gut check. The agony, interruptions and criticism were intended to get rid of the powerless and hold the solid. Understanding this caused me to value making it through and now having the devices expected to defeat life’s obstructions.

Discussing the Front Piece of the Leviathan

Salah Rushdy POLI 357 Discussing the front bit of the leviathan The Latin statement on the book spread converts into â€Å"There is no force on earth to be contrasted with him†. As per my own translation, in this front bit of Thomas Hobbes leviathan, the ocean beast is introduced as indisputably the sovereign. He decides the individuals that structure his being. All the individuals of that state are admiring him in the picture as to communicate their accommodation and acknowledgment of the implicit understanding to be dominated. In the front piece, the leviathan grasps two articles which are a crosier and a blade. A crosier in Christianity is an image of the administering office of the priest or witness. Here, one can accept that what Hobbes implied by the leviathan holding a crosier is that without a doubt the sovereign of the state will be responsible for the profound side of the state to forestall any contradictions or strict wars. One needs to comprehend too that the time by which Thomas Hobbes was living in saw a century worth of strict fighting and the book itself was composed during the English common war. So a great deal of his way of thinking with respect to the condition of nature and implicit agreement was an answer for the war existed at his period. The blade takes after force by which all needs to stand or, in all likelihood will be committed to confront the results raised by breaking the implicit understanding which will be seen as a danger to the security of the sway in general.

5 Strategies To Grow A Highly Responsive Email List

5 Strategies To Grow A Highly Responsive Email List Are you looking for proven ways to grow your email list without increasing your website traffic? Want to know few insider strategies to quickly grow an email list? If yes, youre in the right place. We all know money is in the list. But first, well talk about 2 simple reasons you need an email list no matter what your niche is. 1. When someone subscribes to your blog, they are giving you permission to do whatever you want. You can either spam them or educate them about your products or services to increase sales. This direct marketing often helps you increase sales by helping others. 2. Email list gives you the ability to send direct traffic. Want to launch a new blog? Just send an email to your list and they will directly land on your new blog (if they are interested). The bottom line is, you control the traffic, not Google or Twitter. I hope, the above two reasons are enough to convince anyone to start building an email list. If you are struggling to grow your list, look no further. In this detailed guide, I’m going to share you 5 effective strategies to quickly boost your email subscribers. Let’s jump into the details. Strategies To Grow A Highly Responsive Email List 1. Give your email list #1 focus Ask anyone to share their #1 tip who has got over 10,000 email subscribers and majority of them will say this: “focus”. Followed by “Once I realized the importance of building an email list, my main focus was growing it”. If you want to quickly grow a highly responsive email list that makes money, make sure to do the same. “Focus on your email list”. How? I’ve a simple (free) recommendation to stay focused while growing your email list. List Goal is a free chrome extension developed by Bryan Harris from Videofruit. It helps you focus on reaching your daily goal of email subscribers. Heres how it looks like: Heres how List Goal works. 1. Pick the number of email subscribers you want in next 60 days (like, getting 2000 new subscribers in next 60 days). 2. Every time you open a new tab in your browser, List Goal shows you email list building goals (daily and overall). 3. You will get email list building strategies every Friday to make you more productive while growing your list. In a nutshell, List Goal helps you focus only on ONE thing: that is your email list. Every time you open a tab BOOM, you will see your daily progress of your list. It works like a charm, try it once. 2. Quickly grow your leads through “content upgrades” Did you know the simplest yet fastest way to grow your email list is through upgrading your content with targeted opt-in forms? Content upgrades are almost everywhere now and youve probably seen them in action on few blogs. Within a blog post, youre suddenly asked to download a bonus (video, checklist, pdf etc) that is extremely relevant to the post youre reading. So how you can make the most out of content upgrades? Most bloggers create content upgrades only for their top 5 to 10 posts (you can find out your most popular posts using Google Analytics). They generally offer a bonus such as a checklist or video that is relevant to their popular posts. If you want to quickly grow your leads, make sure to spend time on creating a lead magnet for every post you publish. This often gives you targeted leads who are interested in specific bonuses. This way your blog posts work as lead magnets that will help you quickly boost your email subscribers. Pro Tip: If you want to get the most out of content upgrade strategy to boost your email list, you have to consistently write in-depth articles. People should see you as an expert just by going through your posts. Normal 500 to 600 word articles wont give you an edge if you want to try content upgrades. 3. Start using Exit Intent popups If you are blogging for a while, you already know how effective popups are. The only bad part about the popups is they often irritate your blog audience. They suddenly appear when they are skimming through your sites and most people simply abandon your site instead of signing up for your email list. Here comes to the “Exit Intent” technology that solves this problem. Exit intent popups will appear only when someone leaves your website. They are already leaving your site, then why not give them some incentive to subscribe to your blog? If you have attractive freebies on your site, you can easily turn most of your abandoned visitors into email subscribers. The great part? You are not irritating your existing readers. Neil Patel was able to generate a 46% increase in contact requests just by implementing this strategy on NeilPatel.com. That shows exit intent popups convert like crazy! Here’s how you can use exit intent technology on your blog to turn abandoned visitors into subscribers. Using OptinMonster. This is a WordPress plugin that is widely used and allows you to convert abandoning website visitors into email subscribers instantly. It has a variety of appealing opt-in forms that are designed to convert better. You can also try OptiMonk which is a free WP plugin that helps you do the same. Or if you are already using LeadPages, you can show exit-intent popups pretty easily from your LeadPages account. I also recommend you to start using a better email marketing software to grow your list. Why Your Website’s Content Is So Important 4. Create a high converting landing page Want to squeeze more value out of your current website traffic? Start using landing pages. Landing pages are golden and essential for every blog that has an email list. If you generally see 5% conversion rates (5 people out of 100) on your email list, you can see a massive growth of up to 20% conversion rates just by turning your homepage into a landing page. But here’s the important thing to remember while creating landing pages: give only one option i.e to subscribe. Don’t show too many links or options, it will only kill your conversion rates. In online, “if you give them too many options, they choose nothing”. So focus on just ONE call to action and it will help you dramatically boost your conversion rates. Here are few effective ideas on creating landing pages that always convert like crazy. Use your own images on landing pages if you are offering online courses or one on one coaching to your blog audience. Personalization acts as a conversion booster. It works like a charm. Create scannable landing pages that are easy to read and understand. Keep your call to action short and concise. Also perform A/B split testing into your landing pages to find out what type of copy converts better. You can use KISSMetrics for this. Indicate urgency while creating landing pages. Only 140 spots left gives your blog audience a reason to act immediately. Showcase benefits on your landing pages. Tell your blog audience clearly what they can get. Deliver what you promise. And always keep testing to see better results. If you are wondering how you can create landing pages, here are few recommendations. OptimizePress: One of the best options available in the market right now is OptimizePress. You can get it for $97 (one-time payment) and create unlimited landing pages on your sites. They also offer you over 30 appealing templates that are designed to increase your conversion rates. : Quite impressive tool to easily create stunning landing pages with ease. Basic package starts at $29/month where you can create unlimited landing pages with easy A/B testing. A great alternative to OptimizePress. Unbounce: Although quite expensive (starting at $99 per month) but helps you create the highest converting landing pages just in minutes. They also have a great blog that discusses how to create landing pages that convert. They offer a 30-day free trial to all the users. So what are you waiting for? Start building landing pages to grow your email list quickly. 5. Harness the power of influential marketing Imagine Tim Ferriss tweeting about your blog. It’s easier and faster to grow your email list when an influencer mentions you. Influence is everything online. Want to quickly grow your blog or email list? Get an influencer to tweet about you. In no time, you will see unbelievable results. But the problem is no one is going to help you if you are a random guy on the Internet. You have to either create viral buzz or build strong relationships with the influential bloggers to build a thriving online network. Here are few simple strategies you can use to connect with the busiest bloggers or marketers on the Internet. Sending personal emails is the quickest way to connect with anyone. Just make sure you are not seeking any help. Instead, spend time on offering them free help. Find out how you can help the most influential bloggers in your industry. Offer it for free and it can do the trick. Attend live webinars. This is another great strategy because webinars are becoming popular these days. Ask them questions, leave comments and participate in the live discussions on webinar to grab their attention. Attend live seminars or events if they are happening at your places. After all, connecting with others personally is the easiest way to quickly build a solid connection. Find out the top earning bloggers in your industry and find out ways to help them. Leave meaningful and inspiring comments on their blogs. Ask questions or add value to the posts with your comments. This not only helps you build a strong relationship with the blog author but also increases your blog traffic. Final Thoughts on Growing a Hungry Email List Email marketing is the most cost-effective marketing strategy to grow your traffic and sales. At an average, every email subscriber brings you $40 on every dollar you spend. Thats a great ROI, right? Email marketing beats everything from social media to search engines. So if you are not already building an email list, start doing it from today. You can give a try to best email marketing software such as AWeber, MailChimp, GetResponse etc. They are all cost effective but offer amazing features from A/B split testing to giving you mobile responsive opt-in forms. Stop looking for excuses and start growing your email list as soon as possible to reap the best benefits. Just make sure to engage with your subscribers once you collect their emails. Educate about the products or services you offer on your blog to grow your overall sales. So what are your thoughts on the post? Do you have any more tips and strategies to grow an email list really faster? I’d like to know your views on this, please share them in the comments.

The United States Of America And India Essay - 881 Words

An unknown writer once said, â€Å"Race is not just an ascribed-at-birth, fixed characteristic, instead it implies a set of gendered expectations for behavior against which people are continually judged.† At first glance, the United States of America and India do not seem to have many similarities, however after researching them further it became very clear that they are more alike than they are different. They share, what I feel, is one of the biggest restraints on societal growth, forms of social stratification. Social stratification is the division or categorization of people based on their socioeconomic strata, occupation, income, wealth or derived power and may even be identified as social structure. Social restraints are inevitable. As mentioned earlier, the USA and India are very similar, especially in the instance that they are both democratic countries with ethnically diverse societies. The most appropriate approach to successfully explain the theory that social restraints are inevitable, I will be using the most similar approach. The most similar approach is used when two cases or subjects have extremely similar independent variables but differ when it comes to the dependent variable(s). In this case, the independent variable will be their democratic governments and the diverse societies. The dependent variables will be the social classes and race. India s system of social stratification, referred to as the caste system, has many different origin theories. TheseShow MoreRelatedIndia And The United States Of America And India1824 Words   |  8 Pages Two of the world’s most largest democracies are known as the United States of America and India. The countries have Federal Democracies, India known as the top down federation and the United States known as the bottom down federation. India is known for their multi-party system and the U.S. for their two party systems. These two democracies represent 22.3% of the world population, with a combined population of over 1.267 billion people according to the World Bank estimates. Legislative, executiveRead MorePoverty And Inequality Between The United States Of America And India Essay2035 Words   |  9 PagesThis paper aims to address the key differences in poverty and inequality between the United States of America and India. We chose these two countries to analyze as inequa lity and poverty are difficult to compare and contrast on a global scale between all 196 countries. India and USA are also similar at key fundamental levels. We will compare the USA and India across eight key areas in order to come to a conclusion on the driving factors that have created the clear disparities in inequality and povertyRead MoreWhy Tobacco Is The United State Of America, Brazil, India, And Turkey1059 Words   |  5 Pageseconomically from 50 degree northern and 40 degree southern. More than 100 counties are growing tobacco like China is growing the most then United State of America, Brazil, India and Turkey. Indonesia grows cultivated which is called by name† bright tobacco† the reason is because of its yellow to orange colour, just like Virginia tobacco after the United State of America. This type of grows mainly subtropical region with light rainfall. In Indonesia this type of tobacco is mostly produced in Lombok IslandRead MoreAn Analysis of Cross Cult ural Differences Between India and the United States of America in Terms of Business-Implications for Managers4715 Words   |  19 PagesAn Analysis of Cross Cultural Differences Between India and The United States of America in Terms of Business-Implications for Managers Submitted to Submitted by Dr. Richard Ajayi Pushyami.V Table of contents Executive summary 1. Introduction 2. Culture 3.1 Cross Cultural Analysis 3.2 Cultural distance 3. Different models of cross-cultural analysis 4.Read MoreMutually Beneficial Us India Trade Relations993 Words   |  4 PagesMutually Beneficial US-India Trade Relations The trade relationships between the US and India to be a very interesting topic when looking towards the future. This relationship can be extremely beneficial for both countries as long as we can form a strong bond with the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Unfortunately some bad blood between the countries will have to be patched first. I used three articles to gain enough background information and facts to formulate a strong opinion to this eventRead MoreBhutan Border Speech734 Words   |  3 Pagesto be between Bhutan and India. In the beginning of the video the women questions the gentleman on why they are crossing over to India. The first guy is going to have his beard fixed and she also explains that Bhutanese crossing the border dont have any problems. 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Having expansion of Indian pharmaceuticalRead MoreBasmati Rice: From Production to Market Essay640 Words   |  3 PagesBasmati rice is grown in eight separate states within India. These states are named Haryana, Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Basmati is also grown in a state occupied by both India and Pakistan which is named Punjab. Over 60% of India’s total rice cultivation comes from the state named Haryana which is located in India’s north, just below Punjab, the state occupied by both India and Pakistan. More recently, America has started producing basmati, and exports

The Government Intervention Of International Business Essay

When governments amongst nations conduct in international business, it exposes them to increased risks and costs through unfair trade and bribery in order to obtain a competitive advantage or power. Mercantilism explains why the government intervention of international business increases the chances of these risks. Mercantilism is the theory that explains, the government will maintain their economy and trade to promote their own domestic industry at the cost of the other country leading to unfair trade (Pettinger,2016). As all governments will not play by the same rules, there is an increase in risks such as unfair tariff policies or bribery in order to gain a competitive advantage. In fact, many governments across nations will use these unfair actions to gain an increase in power. Hill (2015) states that nations like China are striving for a more neo mercantilist policy (a more modern theory of mercantilism where economic power is the equivalent to a trade surplus) to gain a trade s urplus. During most of the 2000s, their exports have been increasing whereas their imports have not grown because they have been limited by an import substitution policy. While China is able to benefit from the trade surplus, it is at the cost of another nation where the money that will be paid for those imports will decrease. Therefore, government intervention in international business increases risk like unfair trading to gain a competitive advantage. The government also increases the cost ofShow MoreRelatedGovernment Intervention And Its Effect On Foreign Markets Essay1310 Words   |  6 PagesDoing business internationally had become easier, nowadays business is acknowledged to be international and there is a general expectation that this will continue for the foreseeable future. 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Rome’s continuous insistence on highlighting that it was both part of the intervention but had abstained from playing an aggressive role against Gaddafi was a strategy to allow Italy to continue to balance the rebelsRead MoreThe Conflict Of Humanitarian Intervention Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesHumanitarian intervention has been debated since long time ago, since the end of Cold War. This issue has been a good point in International Relation studies. Many intervene has been done before and it was started in Rwanda and Balkans genocide tragedies in 1994. This dispute happened between the Hutu and Tutsi, ethnic group from Rwanda. 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The economist emphasize about the international trade can increase the production of goods and service, increase the demand from the consumer in local or international, the diversification of goods and services and the stability in the supply and prices of goods andRead MoreThe Syrian Civil War800 Words   |  4 PagesProtect mandated humanitarian intervention, some critics have vociferously argued against intervention, often, with political motives. Since the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, the United Nations have tried to adopt a resolution that would refer the situation in Syria to the International Criminal Court who would commission the investigation of the horrific war crimes being committed in the country. However, due to vetoes from the Chinese and the Russian governments, the United Nations has been

John Rawls and Equality - 1052 Words

Equality stands side by side with no contingencies. To be truly equal there has to be no disadvantages. A society cannot have equality when arbitrary hinders its growth. John Rawls a philosopher of egalitarianism believes that an equal society is essential to its productivity. It is not fair for moral Arbitrariness to have superiority over the less fortunate in justice and the free market. There should be opportunities given to start at the same starting point regardless of status quo. Everyone has an opinion on equality which fairly is their own. An opinion is just an opinion base on what the individual believe is right by how they feel. What if you could strip away outside inferences, opinions and see equality for what it is. The†¦show more content†¦In equality, no one fundamental right should be sacrifice for social and economical benefits. How can the constitution ensure equality? They can do so by implementing the veil of ignorance in a social contract between the go vernment and citizens. The government provides society with things that benefits way of life. For example, the roads, the police force and post offices. Therefore paying taxes is reciprocity of a moral contract that is not agreed upon by both parties but because benefited from; what the government provides makes it a binding contract. However, most contract falls short of the ideals of autonomy and reciprocity base on a given situation, moral consent does not have to be required. Consent is not sufficient for a moral contract all the time because it may not be fair. Michael Sandel gave the scenario of the elderly widow that went into a contract with consent to pay $50,000 for a leaky toilet. Even though it was with her consent it was not fair. It would only be fair to pay $50,000 for a leaky toilet if it was made from gold (hypothetical speaking). Contracts should be exchange of equal or comparable benefits. No one wants to be coerced into anything but with justice the hypothetical contract is with consent base on the benefit the government continues to provide society with. Equality in the constitution ensured fairness and equal benefit not by moral Arbitrariness but for autonomy and reciprocity to be the root to give equal justice.Show MoreRelatedOffer a Critique of What John Rawls Meant by ‘Fair Equality of Opportunity’2169 Words   |  9 PagesQ. Offer a critique of what John Rawls meant by ‘Fair Equality of Opportunity’ Introduction: The purpose of this essay is to discuss what ‘Fair Equality of Opportunity’ means and John Rawls view point on this subject. Rawls was a well known philosopher from the USA and arguably the most important political philosopher of the 20th century. Rawls is well known for using the basic structure of society as his subject matter and most famously for his work entitled, A Theory of Justice (1971). 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Violent Video Games Increase Aggression free essay sample

Opponents argue that there are no substantial connections between VVGs and aggression. For example, In 2007, Ferguson, an associate professor of psychology at Texas Aamp;M International University and the author of  Suicide Kings, after doing a meta-analysis study which contain all the articles concerning violent video games and aggression behavior from 1995 to 2007, denies that there is a link between VVGs and violent behavior. For another example, the U.S. Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals declares â€Å"The state has not produced substantial evidence that †¦ violent video games cause psychological or neurological harm to minors (qtd. in Gallagher). In short, many people do not think VVGs cause harm to minds. These declarations, however, are not valid. First, although Ferguson found that VVGs do not cause aggression behavior in his 2007 study, he only used resources that concerning the connection between VVGs and behavior (Ferguson â€Å"The Good, the Bad †¦Ã¢â‚¬  311-12). Thus, it is not comprehensive enough. Besides, Anderson, an Iowa State University psychology professor and chairperson of the Department of Science and Technology of the university, refutes that if people examine many researches and find out what is the most common feature of all those studies, they would know the truth. That is â€Å"exposure to violent video games increase subsequent aggression†. It becomes even more obvious when people look at those high quality study results (Anderson â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence (Part I)† 30). Thus, by reviewing all the studies regarding this topic, people would find there is a connection between VVGs and violence. What is more, a new study shows the opposite too. Marko et al, an assistant professor at Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, finds similar results. They did a longitudinal study which published in 2011 and was three weeks long. This study is newer than Furguson’s one. In the study, they used 135 participates, and assigned them to two groups; one group played a VVG called Grand Theft Auto, and the researchers prohibited participates in the other group playing any video games (Marko et al. ) The result reveals â€Å"playing violent video games leads to an increase in aggressive attitudes† (Marko et al. 597). This study shows that VVGs harm the mind. Further, Anderson et al. have done a study in Japan and U. S, which consists of 1231 children in Japan. They published this study in 2008. They measured those kids’ aggression at the beginning of the study, and then they measured the aggression level after about half a year. In this study, Anderson et al. suggests â€Å"violent video games are a significant risk factor for later physically aggressive behavior† (Anderson et al). So, VVG do increase violent behavior. Then, Anderson, Gentile and Buckley have done a study with 161 kids and 354 adults. , They published it before 2007. They divided participates to two groups. One group played non-violent video games and the other played violent video games. Immediately after participates playing, they measured participates’ aggression by a test. The test was also a video game, and it was a competitive one which the winners would punish the loser with a noise. The winner set the noise level. The result tells researchers that participants who played the violent video games punished their opponents with significantly more high-noise blasts than those who played the nonviolent video games (Anderson, Gentile and Buckley 66). Thus, VVGs make people less nice towards others. Also, Anderson, Gentile and Buckley have done a similar research study. They published this study before 2007, too. For 189 children in high school, researchers inquired their habits about how often they played violent video games and how they felt about violent video games. The result shows that those children played more VVG â€Å"hold more pro-violent attitudes, have more hostile personalities, are less forgiving, believe violence to be more typical, and behave more aggressively in their everyday lives† (Anderson, Gentile and Buckley 83). In other words, VVGs do make children nastier. Additionally, Anderson, Gentile and Buckley did another research study before 2007 of 430 elementary school kids. To measure kids’ aggression, they surveyed kids themselves, teachers and classmates. Researchers asked kids’ how often they played VVGs and what were their attitudes towards violence; to teachers, they asked teachers to give them the children’s information about those children’s compassion towards others; and to classmates, researchers asked what kids they thought exhibited good moral character. They asked them twice in a year’s time. The result shows that â€Å"children who played more violent video games early in the school year changed to see the world in a more aggressive way and also changed to become more verbally and physically aggressive later in the school year (Anderson, Gentile and Buckley 102). Thus, VVGs make many adolescents perceive the world in a more negative way. Ferguson is partially correct that many experiments regarding VVGs are too short, and the results that show VVGs cause aggression and violence are not valid because that the players didn’t have the time learn enough skills to play the game well, thus subsequently feel frustrated. Nevertheless, longitudinal studies show the opposite. Anderson asserts that from the results of many longitudinal studies (studies that need a longer period of time to do perhaps months or years) that done in Asia or America or Europe, the outcome was consistent; those participates, who were kids, all became aggressive at the end of the study (Anderson Violent Video Games And Other Media Violence, Part II† 21-22). As these larger scale studies show the same thing – VVGs spur aggression – the results are valid. Ferguson in his article â€Å"Video Games Don’t Make Kids Violent† claims that many researches concerning VVG are not valid because what researchers of those studies measure has nothing to do with real life situation. However, Anderson, Gentile and Buckley et al. disputes those experiments are valid because people would respond the same way both in the experiments and real life. They argue that the authenticity of those researches as â€Å"The validity of laboratory research paradigms in psychology has passed so many logical and empirical tests that they can be generally accepted as having both high internal and external validity† (Anderson, Gentile and Buckley 23). That is to say, what happens in the lab will predict what happens outside the lab. Some people believe that there is a theory of venting, which means that as aggression accumulates in the body, VVGs can help relieve some of those pressures. However, The 14th Dalai Lama, a renowned teacher of Tibetan Buddhism and Nobel Peace Prize winner of 1989, suggests the venting of anger as â€Å"if you †¦ just keep expressing them, this usually results in their growth, not their reduction† (Bstan-? dzin-rgya-mtsho). Likewise, Anderson suggests the contrary happens too. Researches from the past 30 years show that exposure to violence only makes those people involved more aggressive (Anderson The Impact of Interactive Violence on Children). In essence, â€Å"venting† will not decrease aggression, but do the opposite. Proponents claim that only some kids who have problems with their minds such as tend to be angry are prone to the negative effects of VVGs, the Harvard Mental Health Letter article â€Å"Violent Video Games and Young People† mentions. Yet, Anderson responds that â€Å"Scientists have not been able to find any group of people who consistently appear immune to the negative effects of †¦ video game violent (Anderson Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence (Part I) 29). In other words, not one can escape the negative influence of VVGs. It would seem that VVGs only affect kids. Still, as Anderson, Gentile and Kather observe that it is not true. From the previous example which 161 kids and 354 adults participated, they find that VVGs not only affect kids, but those games also affect adults, who are in the universities (Anderson, Gentile and Buckley 67). Hence, VVGs affect nearly everyone. Granted, there are many other factors contributing to violence, just like not only smoking contribute to lung cancer, but there are many other factors. But Anderson contends that in today’s society â€Å"media violence† such as violent video games is the most prevalent factor that lead to violence (Anderson Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence (Part I) 29). That is to say, although VVGs are not the only cause of violence, it is the main cause. To be sure, the crime rate has declined steadily while more and more are buying more and more VVGs, Gerdes, the author of Guns and Crime, suggests (Gerdes). Nevertheless, the VVGs exert subtle negative influence on game players that may only become obvious after some time. Anderson explains why violent video games can do this to children: children who spend long hours playing violent video games would expect the real world resembling a game because they immerse themselves in the game. In the game, many people tend to kill the player; so kids who play those games would subconsciously expect the same in the real world because of the learning process. What is more, they see the world differently; if something is not going well, they would think people are against him. This gradual process of harming slowly changes childrens personality (Anderson â€Å"Impact of Media†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). That is to say, while statistic shows the situation is getting better, VVGs are harming people in an esoteric way. As it were, VVGs is not as adorable as many think, those games slowly some individuals’ mentality.

Title Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A Essay Example For Students

Title: Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A Essay Title: Militant MonksThe Knights Templar, a military order of monks answerable only to the Pope himself, were founded in 1118. Their primary responsibility, at least initially, was to provide protection to Christians making pilgrimages to the Holy Land. They rose in power, both religious and secular, to become one of the richest and most powerful entities in Christendom. By the time of their disbandment in 1307, this highly secretive organization controlled vast wealth, a fleet of merchant ships, and castles and estates spanning the entire Mediterranean area.When the crusaders captured Jerusalem from the Muslims in 1099, the Church encouraged all faithful Christians to visit that holy city in order to affirm their faith. The area, however, was still subject to sporadic attacks from various non-Christian factions. A small group of knights, led by Hugh de Payens, vowed to protect the pilgrims. We will write a custom essay on Title: Militant Monks The Knights Templar, A Military Order Of Monks A specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The group was granted quasi-official status by King Baldwin II of Jerusalem, who allowed them quarters in a wing of the royal palace near the Temple of Solomon. It is from this initial posting that the order derived its name. They took the standard vows of poverty, chastity and obedience and were bound to the rules of the Augustinian order. The order languished in near-anonimity for several years, despite generous contributions from various European personages. In 1126, Count Hugh of Champagne, having donated his estates to Bernard of Clairvaux for use in building a monestary for the Cistercian order, arrived in Jerusalem to join the Templars. This action indirectly obligated Bernard to support the newly chosen advocacy of his benefactor. He wrote to the count, If, for Gods work, you have changed yourself from count to knight and from rich to poor, I congratulate you. In the year 1126, King Baldwin found two reasons for wanting official recognition of the order. First, he had, perhaps prematurely, bestowed upon Hugh de Payens the title of Master of the Temple. Second, the king had the opportunity to launch an attack on the city of Damascus, but he needed more knights. Papal recognition would allow open recruiting in Europe for the order. King Baldwin sent a letter to Bernard of Clairvaux, the orders primary patron, later known as Saint Bernard, asking him to petition the Pope for official recognition of the order. The Kings letter was hand-carried to Bernard by two loyal and trusted knights, Andrew de Montbard, maternally related to Bernard, and Gondemare. Upon their arrival at Clairvaux, the two knights presented Bernard with Baldwins letter, which came right to the point. The brothers Templar, whom God has raised up for the defence of our province and to whom he has accorded special protection, desire to receive apostolic approval and also their own Rule of life .. . Since we know well the weight of your intercession with God and also with His Vicar and with the other princes of Europe, we give into your care this two-fold mission, whose success will be very welcome to us. Let the constitution of the Templars be such as is suitable for men who live in the clash and tumult of war, and yet of a kind which will be acceptable to the Christian princes, of whom they have been the valuable auxiliaries. So far as in you lies and if God pleases, strive to bring this matter to a speedy and successful issue. Bernard realized at once the genius of the proposal to combine religious and military endeavors. Through such organizations, the borders of Christendom could be extended and fortified. He immediately granted his approval of the plan and pledged his full support. He petitioned Pope Honorius II for a special council to consider the matter, and he notified Hugh of his actions. The Council of Troyes convened on January 13, 1128, a bitterly cold Saint Hilarys Day, for the primary purpose of considering the request of the Knights Templar. Despite the delays of written communications, Hugh de Payens, accompanied by several brother knights, arrived from the Holy Land in time to attend the meetings of the Council. William of Tyre wrote an account of the events: Nine years after the founding of this order, the knights were still in secular garb. They wore such garments as the people, for salvation of their souls, bestowed upon them. During this ninth year, a council was held at Troyes in France. There were present the archbishops of Rheims and Sens, with their suffragans; the bishop of Albano, the Popes legate; the abbotts of Citeaux, Clairvaux, Potigny; and many others. At this council, by order of Pope Honorious and of Stephen, patriarch of Jerusalem, a rule was drawn up for this order and a habit of white assigned them. Although referred to in Williams account by the generic title Abbott of Clairvaux, Bernard, in actuality controlled the proceedings of the council. There was little doubt Bernards request would be met with approval; he was well known for his successes in reforming monastic life. He was held in the utmost respect by religious and lay leaders alike; in many circles he was referred to as the second pope. In fact, many of the popes were supplied by the mendicant orders. At a time when monks were more highly regarded than priests, and considered closer to God because of their ascetic life-styles, Benard said, The people cannot look up to the priests, because the people are better than priests. Bernards offer to personally assist in the formulation of the Rules of the order was gratefully accepted by all. Bernard based his Rule of the Templars on that of his own Cistercian order, which was itself based on the older Benedictine Rule. .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .postImageUrl , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:visited , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:active { border:0!important; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:active , .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8 .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub2ea4eec034453b3dd6de8e74d9b76e8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Westward Expansion Essay The Rule of the Templars was a strict and complex system of 686 written laws, meant to cover every possible aspect of daily life. As an example, Rule 25, On Bowls and Drinking Vessels, states: Because of the shortage of bowls, the brothers will eat in pairs, so that one may study the other more closely, and so that neither austerity nor secret abstinence is introduced into the communal meal. And it seems just to us that each brother should have the same ration of wine in his cup. [qtd. in Upton-Ward 26]In 1139, Pope Innocent II issued a Bull, titled Omne Datum Optimum, declaring that the Knights Templar were under the direct and sole control of the Pope. This freed the Knights to operate throughout Christendom and the Levant unencumbered by local ecclesiastical and secular rulers. This unprecedented autonomy was due, in no small part, to the personal petitions of the new Grand Master, Robert the Burgundian. While Hugh had been an excellent warrior, Robert was an ideal administrator who understood politics. The Order was authorized to have chaplain brothers, who were authorized to hear the confessions of their fellow brothers, and thereby absolve them of their sins. There were, however, five specific crimes for which granting of absolution was reserved by the Pope. These were: the killing of a Christian man or woman,; violently attacking another brother; attacking a member of another order or a priest; renouncing holy orders in order to be received as a brother; and entering the order by simony. It was also during the mastership of Robert that the Rules were translated from Latin into French. Church documents were normally in Latin only, but since most of the Knights were soldiers rather than educated clerics, they were unable to read Latin. In 1147, the Knights were authorized to wear a red cross upon their white mantles, despite rule 18, which forbade any decorations on their clothing. As the Knights Templar gained political and economic strength, they found themselves involved in many aspects of secular life. They established the first truly international banking service; travelers not wanting to travel with large sums could deposit their monies at any Temple and collect a like amount at their destination. The Templars were the primary bankers for the Holy See. Since the order was a papal creation which was administered directly by the Pope himself, their significance as papal bankers is understandable. Less obvious is the Templars function as royal bankers for several of Europes royal houses. The two greatest Temples outside the Levant were located in Paris and London. These two Temples offered a full range of financial services to the royal houses, including collecting taxes, controlling debts and administering pension funds. The treasury of the King of France was kept safely within the vault of the Temple of Paris. The Templars owned a great fleet of merchant ships with which to convey all manner of goods, e.g. , pepper and cotton, as well as pilgrims, between Europe and the Holy Land. People wanting to make a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but lacking the resources to do so, were allowed to assign rights to their houses and property, upon their death, to the Templars in exchange for passage on a Templar ship. To avoid accusations of usury, this procedure was legitimized by the papal bull Quantum Praedecessores, issued by Pope Eugenius II in 1145. The Holy Land was divided into four Crusader States: Jerusalem, Antioch, Tripoli and Edessa. Shifting alliances, complicated by the plotting of independent Arab emirates, posed a complicated and often confusing backdrop for the Knights military operations. Their first action was in the northern sector of the Principality of Antioch. They captured the March of Amanus, which formed a natural barrier between the city of Amanus and Asia Minor. The Knights Templar frequently fought side-by-side with their counter- parts, the Knights Hospitaller, another military order, founded to provide shelter to sick, wounded or destitute pilgrims. Together, these two warrior orders afforded the Holy Land a formidable fighting force. Although some histories allude to a deep and bitter rivalry between the two, it is more likely that they cooperated well during the battles, keeping any such pettiness for the monotonous weeks between actions. The first military action of the Templars was in the northern sector of the Holy Land. In 1131, they captured the March of Amanus in Antioch. It was a natural barrier between the city and Asia Minor, which afforded control of two roads into Antioch. The same year, King Fulk, Baldwins successor, travelled to the site and granted ownership to the Templars. Control of the various areas of the Holy Land see-sawed back and forth between the Crusaders and the Arabs, with neither side enjoying a decisive victory. Then the balance of power began to change with the rise of the great Arab leader Salah-ad-Din Yusuf ibn-Aiyub, known to westerners as Saladin. Descended from a long line of military heroes, he was born in 1138 in Baalbek, Syria, where his father was military governor. He began to develop his warrior skills by accompanying his father and uncles on various campaigns. Saladins rise to power was rapid and successful. His adherance to the orthodox Sunni faith caused him to initiate dramatic changes in his Shi-ite army. .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .postImageUrl , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:visited , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:active { border:0!important; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:active , .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46 .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue146cfaa1f26c375d98ac566a123af46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Road Not Taken? by Robert Frost , Poetry Expli Essay Upon his ultimate rise to the position of Sultan, he declared a jihad, or holy war, against the Crusaders. This intense re-focusing of the Moslem effort began a gradual shift in power. Christian strongholds fell in increasing numbers, creating a domino effect. By the middle of 1187, Saladin had captured Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut and Ascalon. Jerusalem fell on 2 October, 1187. The fall of Jerusalem was a disaster from which the Crusades never recovered. Among Saladins prisoners were the King of Jerusalem and Raynald de Chatillon, commander of the fortress at Moab. After entertaining the two in his tent, Saladin had Raynald killed. The King saw his fellow prisoner executed and thought he was surely next, but Saladin had him brought back i nto his tent and told him, It is not the habit of kings to kill kings. Saladins victory was complete. In the disarray that followed, the orders began to disperse. The Hospitallers removed their headquarters, first to Rhodes and then to Malta; and, with the ultimate fall of Acre in 1291, the Templars lost their base of operations and relocated to Cyprus. In effect, the orders had lost their original reason for existence. As the Knights had their policital patrons, so had their enemies. In 1305, Philip IV of France, known as Philip the Fair, seized control of the Holy See and relocated the papacy to Avignon. From there, he initiated a series of papal decrees, ostensibly issues by Pope Clement V, a puppet pope under his absolute control. Eyeing the vast fortunes and resources of the Templars, he conceived a plot of treachery against them. Since he also controlled the Inquisition in France, he had no difficulty leveling a whole laundry list of horrible, but adsurd and largely unsupportable, crimes against the Knights. The role of the Inquisition, under the auspices of Chief Inquisitor Guillaume of Paris, was to obtain confessions and conduct trials. On Friday the 13th of September, 1307, the warrant was issued for the arrest of the Knights and seizure of their property. Many of the Temples were tipped off by the local sheriffs about the impending sweep, but Grand Master Jacques de Molay and his associates were arrested in their bed clothes. The interrogations, aimed at soliciting evidence of any wrongdoing with which to prove the allegations against the order, dragged on for years. Ultimately, the Grand Master, along with other high-ranking Templars, were executed by burning in March, 1314, on an island in the Seine. The years between the arrest of Templars and the orders final dissolution afforded plenty of time for knights on the lam to become absorbed by the underground. Knights in England were never pursued, due largely to a rift between the King and the Church, and many were thought to have participated in the war between Scotland and England, on the side of Robert the Bruce. The vast fleet of Templar merchant ships was never found. There is no record of the 18 Templar ships which had been based at La Rochelle on the French coast, nor any of the various Templar ships normally anchored in the Thames or other English seaports. There is some speculation that the Barbary Pirates, who gained worldwide noteriety by plundering European shipping well into the 19th century, were founded by seagoing Templars with revenge on their minds. Many of the orders ships were galleys, which were particularly suited for piracy. One of the more mysterious tenets of the Freemasons can be found in the initiation of a Master Mason. The initiate is told his degree will make you a brother to pirates and corsairs. In 1813, a merchant ship, captained by a Freemason, was captured and boarded by pirates. In desperation, the captain rendered the Grand Hailing Sign of Distress of a Master Mason. The pirate captain apparently recognized the secret sign and allowed the merchant ship to proceed unharmed. The destruction of the Knights Templar by Philip the Fair was due to what he saw as wealth, arrogance, greed and secrecy on the part of the order. Even Philips lawyer admitted perhaps not all of them had sinned. It took more than suspicion of guilt to bring about the downfall of such a powerful entity as the Knights Templar. The final blow, however, was probably three-fold: a general unpopularity of the order among the European aristocracy, due in part to jealousy; a chronic shortage in the French treasury, despite heavy taxation; and Master de Molays refusal to consider a merger of the Templars with the Hospitallers, as suggested by the Pope. The fact remains, however, that no evidence of heresy was ever found. An order founded by nine knights in Jerusalem came to amass great wealth and power, which speaks well of their integrity and discretion. They became the shock troops of the Holy See. When they lost their original mission of protecting pilgrims upon the fall of Jerusalem, their downfall became inevitable. Works Cited: Burman, Edward. The Inquisition. New York: Dorset, 1984. . The Templars. Rochester, VT: Destiny, 1986. ? Howarth, Stephen. The Knights Templar. New York: Dorset, 1982. Payne, Robert. The History of Islam. New York: Dorset, 1987. Robinson, John J. Born in Blood. New York: Evans, 1989. Sinclair, Andrew. The Sword and the Grail. New York: Crown, 1992. Upton-Ward, J. M. The Rule of the Templars. Suffolk: Boydell, 1992.

Slavery in America Essay Essay Example

Slavery in America Essay Essay Example Slavery in America Essay Essay Slavery in America Essay Essay Slavery in America Essay Thesis Introduction Slavery is a topic that has dominated the history of America throughout its first 250 years. The landowners believed to have been from the South subjected to servitude more than four million individuals shipped from the African continent to work in their farmlands. Throughout the entire period, the South Americans economic, social and economic landscape revolved around revolved around this peculiar institution, of slavery. Thus, slavery greatly shaped the American history (Acharya, Blackwell Sen, 2014). Scholars have delved into this topic and submitted volumes of research on its consequences. Nonetheless, the social scientists have expressed less interest in investigating the continued influence of slavery on contemporary issues in America and even the African Continent. This proposal, therefore, investigates the history of slavery and establishes the ways in which this history impacts contemporary society with a focus on political attitudes in South America. Essay on Slavery in America Statement of Purpose Slavery was illegalized internationally over 150 years ago. Nonetheless, its implications on the contemporary affairs have continued to be felt in the society. It is on this basis that other history scholars have referred to the aftermath as an institutional legacy. The purpose of this proposal is to investigate the history of slavery and establish the impacts that it has had on the contemporary society in South America focusing on the political attitude of the Southern whites living in regions that were largely inhabited by slaves. Literature Review While slavery began with civilization, where those defeated in wars were taken as slaves, the height of slavery took place between 1400 and 1900. This was due to slave trade where people were captured and sold off as slaves. During this period, four main slave trades took place. They were the trans-Atlantic slave trade, the trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, and the Red Sea Slave trade (Everett, 2014). Slaves were shipped mainly from the African continent with West Africa, Eastern Africa, and West-Central Africa being the regions that were affected the most. Historical accounts indicate that the individuals who were sold into slavery in the early slave trade were almost entirely prisoners of war. Since raids normally involved villages attacking other villages to capture slaves, this form of attaining slaves often resulted in hostile relations between villages causing conflicts between communities. However, studies on the manner of slave procurement in the 19thce ntury indicate that during this period, slaves were obtained using a number of ways. These include kidnapping, trickery, and through a judicial process. According to a study by Cooper, Holt and Scott (2014), wars accounted for 24.3 percent of slaves captured in the 19thcentury, kidnapping 40.3 percent, judicial process 16.0 percent, and trickery 19.4 percent. While slavery took place in many regions such as England, it is America that gained notoriety for slavery to the point that when slavery is discussed, it is normally discussed with reference to America. The high level of slavery in America was mainly due to agricultural and industrial revolution. In the 19thcentury, America experienced an unprecedented growth in agriculture particularly of cash crops (Cooper, Holt Scott, 2014). For example, between 1817 and 1860, cotton production in America increased from 461,000 to 4.8 million bales. This growth in cash crop farming resulted in a high demand for labor. Slavery was thereby used to provide this labor. Slaves were the most preferred source of labor because their services were for free which made agriculture a very profitable venture. The cheap labor provided by slaves increased slave trade and slavery in the 19thcentury. Although most of the slave owners had less than ten slaves under their ownership, many of the slaves lived together on plantations in groups that comprised of twenty or more individuals. In spite of the forceful persistence by whites that slaves were barbarians, the presence of large groups of these slaves allowed for a steady formation of a distinctive African-American culture. According to Everett, (2014), white people enjoyed the music, dancing, and stories by slaves even though they failed to recognize the slave culture as a legitimate culture. Most slave owners also encouraged their slaves to marry. According to Cooper, Holt and Scott (2014), they believed that allowing slaves to have families made them docile and thereby less inclined to escape or rebel. However, the stability of most slave families was disrupted constantly through sexual abuse, violence, and separation carried out by masters. While slaves brought to America arrived with different languages, cultural practices, and religions, they shared common modes of cultural expression and understanding that formed the basis of a common culture (Everett, 2014). In addition, tied together with a common cord of slavery, slaves strove together to develop strategies that would enable them to live satisfactorily. Using their African heritage, slaves developed their own values and way of life. Slave Revolt Although slaves tried to adapt to the harsh conditions that they were subjected by their masters, in some cases the conditions became too harsh prompting slaves to revolt. Some of the notable slave revolts include the one led by Gabriel Prosser in 1800 in regions of Richmond and Denmark Vesey in the year 1822 in Charleston. However, few of the slave revolts achieved any notable success. The slave revolt which terrified white slaveholders the most was the one led by Nat Turner in August 1831 in Virginia. Turners group which numbered about 75 blacks killed 60 white people in two days before being overwhelmed by armed resistance from local white people and state militia forces. According to Everett, (2014), the rebellion by Turner made supporters of slavery claimthat the rebellion was evidence of black peoples inherent savagery and that slavery was needed to discipline black people. The fear of similar revolutions made many southern states, where slavery was prevalent, to tighten their slave codes that limited slave education, assembly, and movement.

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effect of Cohabitation on Marriage - Essay Example A number of evidences support these arguments for cohabitation and they were promptly included. Formal marriage is the traditional form of union in the United States, and certainly the most common. This trend, however, is slowly being displaced as more and more adults enter into informal cohabitational unions. (Brown et al. 2005, p. 3) A number of research has shown that these cohabitational relationships are formed initially, lasting with a half-life of only about one year and the majority of the unions proceeding to marriages. (Laumann et al., p. 205) With this initial fact, the aim of this paper is to argue that cohabitation for adults have good effects on marriage, improving the odds for the eventual happy relationship which could lead to a lower risk of divorce. Fundamentally, I believe that premarital cohabitation is a good preparation for marriage before entering into a lifelong contract and acquiring shared responsibility of parenting. The main advantage of premarital cohabitation is that it allows couples to learn more about each other, particularly about ones habits and idiosyncrasies and hence, mature in their relationship. According to Janell Caroll (2009), this setup allows partners to smoothen the rough spots in their relationship and see whether they would be able to take their relationship to the next level. (p. 224) In this context, one sees that cohabitation is a transitional stage – one that is between the stage of being single and marriage. It allows partners to have intimate co-residential union and other similarities to married life without the social and legal contract that bind marriage. It recognizes, wrote Thornton, Axinn and, Xie (2007), the contemporary norms about sex and living arrangements in America and provide an alternative for a single man and woman who find themselves in love and wanting to share each other’s lives more fully before marriage by starting to

Personal reflection on learning Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal reflection on learning - Term Paper Example This paper explores my reflection on this particular aspect. The traditional method of teaching, which calls for a passive role from the part of the learners, has already been outdated and no longer considered the norm or the standard for best teaching practices. What this means is that in the classroom setting such as in my Marketing class, students are expected to participate and be part of the learning process. Gone were the days when learners wait to be spoon-fed with the subject's contents. That is widely accepted as ineffective. There are evidences that could attest to this fact and that the conventional demagoguery has been exchanged for the current more progressive approach in a logical progression of evolution in education. The prevailing idea is that learning should be experiential. The student, together with the teacher, explores and discovers concept and issues, which underpins a framework that is both engaging and effective especially in terms of achieving learning objec tives. Learning a marketing concept, for instance, is not about the assimilation of a conceptual explanation of the teacher but the assimilation through the discovery of such concept, as facilitated by the instructor. This is particularly more pronounced in the case of teaching or learning the marketing field. Marketing is all about relationships; it is all about persuasion, information and experience. Our class learned this indirectly by simulating those processes. Such simulation could not have transpired without the contribution of each student. For example, in doing activities like group works, I discovered that being able to play assigned tasks and roles are crucial in achieving positive learning outcomes. First, there was the structure: we assign leaders and followers. Then, there was the negotiation. Say, I provide some inputs why this student will be better in this task or this role, so the assignments are revised. Because of respect for other people’s opinion, we wer e able to avoid conflicts that could have resulted to poor outcome. Instead, we effectively harnessed diverse perspectives. So it is imperative for students learning this field to be able to navigate through the learning issues and the socialization process involved and should not entirely rely on the source of knowledge or of an expertise. I also would like to cite the benefit of being curious. This worked for me especially when students are encouraged to ask questions, engage in a dialogue and discuss issues. There are times when lectures could be so silent, however participative the teacher encourages it to be. Then I ask a question or raise something thought provoking. And it contributes to making the discussion livelier and more engaging. Other students also do this and I found that we could only ask and raise issues, and participate better if we came to school prepared or knowledgeable. If I assumed a passive position in the learning process, I would have contributed nothing t o the manner by which knowledge is gained and internalized. More importantly, I would have encouraged an ineffectual learning environment. I would like to cite a theory we have learned as an example. The law of supply and demand is a pretty straightforward concept we have learned and a notion that is widely

Food Trip Essay Example for Free

Food Trip Essay Revolutionaries and activists, tried of associating the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) with these words? Well, it’s time to change your thoughts. PUP isn’t just for words like those mentioned above, please try to look at the brighter side. PUP isn’t just the way you think it is. All the speculations about our school aren’t true. Actually, if you’re inside our campus, you’ll surely have a wonderful time. The school offers delightful treats such as low tuition, high quality education and most especially, foods. I recommend you to go to PUP and I assure you a cheap and an enjoyable food trip for you and for your friends. TRUST ME! ï Å  PUP has it all, from snacks to lunch and to every kind of foods that you will surely like. I bet if you enter our campus, you won’t go out of it without being tempt to buy foods because of its cheap price. Be sure to prepare your spoon and fork as I introduce to you the best foods at the lowest price our campus can offer. 1.Value Meals (20php – 35php) One cup of rice with any ulam of your choice. These include dinuguan, chicken fillet, fried chicken, beef steak, adobo, burger steak, liempo, giniling, sausages, vegetables, etc. Imagine?!! With just 30php, you will experience tasting lutong bahay even if you’re away from home. 2.Buy 1 Take 1 Burgers (25php – 32php) Say goodbye to Jollibee, Mcdonald’s, KFC, and other burger – producing fast food chains. PUP has the cheapest burger ever. With just 32php, we can avail two burgers and that is if you are in PUP. While in fast food chains, you will just be left with dissatisfaction. 3.Clubhouse (20php) All the PUPians know this – clubhouse is a triangle shaped sandwich with egg wrappings and ham fillings. Well, the best thing about this food is that it is served with free drinks. Yes!!! You heard it right! It’s with FREE! FREE! FREE! AS IN FREE DRINKS which comes in various flavors. As far as I know, it is one of the highest grossing and most sought food in the University. It is so SULIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIT! 4.FEWA (33php or 37php) FEWA is also known as Footlong and Egg Wrapped Around. It is a sandwich with footlong (can be either regular in size or jumbo) wrapped in fried scrambled egg with cheese and cabbage. Another reason why you would enjoy this food is because of its vendor who has great sense of humor. Wondering who? Well, better check him or, should I say, her? At the East Wing of PUP canteen. 5.Fruit Shakes and Juices (10php-20php)

Free Catcher in the Rye Essays: Holdens Phony Phobia :: Catcher Rye Essays

Holden's Phony Phobia in The Catcher in the Rye What does phony mean to you? Do you consider it something that is not what it really seems? Or even something or someone that isn't normal in all ways or just in some? Phony is one of the words in the English literature that can have numerous interpretations. Can be being phony possibly hinder an attempt to accomplish a task to fully function mentally? Can phony delay an individuals maturing period? In J.D. Salinger's Catcher in the Rye, Holden's "phony phobia" restricts him from becoming a fully matured adult. In Holden's attempted journey in becoming a fully matured adult, he encounters many scenarios involving friendships, personal opinions, and his love of children. His journey is an unpleasant and difficult one with many lessons learned along the way. Holden possesses abnormal relationships with some of the characters in Catcher in the Rye. Many of his friends and those he talks highly about are young children. He does not make any negative comments about these companions, and there is no mention whatsoever of phony. Holden has a strong relationship with Phoebee, his younger sister. Holden vocalizes about the fact Phoebee can visit him anytime in the summer, "What I'd do, I'd let old Phoebee came out and visit me in the summertime and on Christmas vacation and Easter vacation" (205). Holden shows a solid liking to his sister and is always wanting her by his side. He finds a hard time associating with older, mature individuals. Also, a strong relationship with Allie his deceased younger brother, is apparent due to the twenty references in the novel. In fact, most of Holden's fondest memories are of those times with his younger siblings. His comments of innocence help establish this connection. Someone who is trying to learn the sta ges of developing into a mature adult would not develop as soon, or as fully when spending their time solely with those who are five to seven years of age. They would not experience the guidance from older adults to correct wrong behavior. The guidance of an elder isn't present and they need to learn by themselves. Harrison Smith has defined Holden's friendships quite clearly "What was wrong with Holden was his moral revulsion against anything that was ugly, evil, cruel, or what he called 'phony' and his acute responsiveness to beauty and innocence, especially the innocence of the very young.

Mardi Gra Social Impact Study Essay

  Sydney has always been the destination of lesbian and gay tourists around the world to view this great spectacle at the South Pacific’s gay and lesbian capital. The Australian gay and lesbian tourism industry has always been on the go whenever the event comes into full view. The street parades and costume parties have always attracted tourists when compared to other events and affairs. Because of this, Sydney, the gay capital of the world, has changed from â€Å"an industrial port to a cosmopolitan, global capital increasingly dependent, for the last two to three decades, on an economy driven by consumption and leisure† (Markwell, 2002, p. 82). Therefore, it is evident that the Mardi Gra contributes solely on Australia’s tourism economy, as reflected in the paper that Kevin Markwell (2002) wrote. There are tensions and demands that leak from the Mardi Gras of Sydney, and the economic impacts of big events such as this cannot be completely ignored. Mardi Gras of Australia Localization as well as globalization can create a big impact on international events and issues that surround the nations. What Markwell (2002) has called localization-globalization dynamic refers to†¦ [T]he way in which a local, community event has challenged and overturned social mores and legislation at the state and national levels partly through its elevation to a national and international event. (Markwell, 2002, p. 83) This has an impact on the tourism industry, as it evades traditional mechanisms and instead, focuses more on the trend and movement of a certain population, creating an ever-increasing power while affecting government intervention and legislation. The tensions and demands of the Mardi Gras The first Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gra parade happened on the 24th of June 1978 (Markwell, 2002, p. 83). However, what was supposed to be an enjoyable event became one that was close to disaster, as the celebration turned out to be a riot â€Å"with fifty-three people arrested and several alleging vicious assaults by police† (Markwell, 2002, p. 83). There was this tension of distinguishing what exactly was the purpose of that event, especially that there were records on concealed systematic oppression, homophobia, as well as discrimination (Markwell, 2002, p. 83). As of last year, there were approximately 10,000 people who joined the Mardi Gra of Sydney, marking the event as the biggest Mardi Gra event ever to be held in Australia (Organizers say, 2008, p. 1). According to AAP General News Wire, â€Å"Crowds of up to 300,000 people are expected to line the central city route to watch the procession of themed floats, drag queens and many more costumed and flesh-revealing revelers† (Organizers say, 2008, p. 1). To avoid unwanted riots and insurgencies, 80 military personnel and defense force employees marched among the crowds. As stated, â€Å"Those charged will face a range of offenses including affray, assault police, possessing prohibited drugs, assault, and resisting arrest† (Mother Nature, 2007, p. 1). The demand of cleaning human debris is another demand, in addition to the demand of controlling 4,000 gays and lesbians in the event that triggered an economic relief of about $500,000 in the local economy (Bathersby, 2008, p. 1). The economic impact of Mardi Gras In the economy of New Orleans, there is a report that the chosen event can generate more than $1 billion in annual spending, benefiting the economy and the tourism industry of the state (Mardi Gras questions and answers, 2009, p. 1). Noosa, on the other hand, will have poured about $500,000 last year as stated above (Bathersby, 2008, p. 1). By March 2009, they earned about $300,000, as stated in the report (Lander, 2009, p. 1). It is therefore, apparent that this year is approximately 60% less the earned revenue of last year. Nevertheless, it still is helpful to the economy, earning in New South Wales an amount of about $100,000 million each year in the area of tourism (Santow, 2002, p. 1). Each state or nation earns different amounts each year, depending on the state of tourism of that state or nation. According to Simon Santow (2002) however, [T]he Mardi Gras is suffering from a combination of increased costs and falling revenue, at a time when, ironically, there’s been no significant drop in public interest. Unless half a million dollars is found, the organization could place itself in voluntary administration, so the call has gone out for some emergency funding from the state and federal governments [of Sydney]. (Santow, 2002, p. 1) The government issues the permits in parades such as these, but there are economic impacts on big events, such as the Mardi Gras events. Focusing on the economic impact of big events In a paper that Larry Dwyer, Robert Mellor, Nina Mistilis, and Trevor Mules (2000) wrote, they stated that, as the state government receives requests in funding special events and conventions (such as the Mardi Gra), the government focuses mainly on the alleged positive impacts of these events, especially the overall economic impact. There is a framework developed by the state of New South Wales in Australia used to estimate the economic impacts of events and conventions. This is done by using â€Å"accurate and uniform set of events or conventions expenditure as input into the forecasting model† (Dwyer, Mellor, Mistilis, & Mules, 2000, pp. 191-192). Forecasting event-related expenditure is done by the following these steps: first is to estimate the number of inscope visitors; second is to estimate the inscope expenditure of visitors; third is to estimate inscope expenditure of organizers, participants, teams, and media; fourth is to estimate total event related inscope expenditure; fifth is to apply multipliers to estimate economic impacts; sixth is to estimate media impacts; seventh is to estimate fiscal impacts; eighth and final is the recognition of intangible costs and benefits (Dwyer et al. , 2000, pp. 192-194).Mardi Gra is a big event, and it covers some impacts on the economy and the society, as it affects the lives of people there and abroad. References Bathersby, D. (2008, March 2). Noosa set for pink invasion. Retrieved April 9, 2009, from The Daily database: http://www. thedaily. com. au/news/2008/mar/02/noosa-set-pink-invasion/. Brown, A. L. (2009, February 27). Mardi Gras boost. Retrieved April 9, 2009, from The Daily database: http://www. thedaily. com.au/news/2009/feb/27/mardi-gras-revellers-coast-boost/. Dwyer, L. , Mellor, R. , Mistilis, N. , & Mules, T. (2000). Forecasting the economic impacts of events and conventions. Event Management, 6, 191-204. Lander, A. (2009, March 9). Mardi Gras recovery on the coast. Retrieved April 9, 2009, from The Daily database: http://www. thedaily. com. au/news/2009/mar/09/mardi-gras-recovery-coast/. Mardi Gras questions and answers. (2009). Retrieved April 9, 2009, from the Compucast Interactive database: http://www.mardigrasneworleans. com/faq. html. Markwell, K. (2002). Mardi Gras tourism and the construction of Sydney as an international gay and lesbian city. GLQ, 8, 1, 81-99. Mother Nature to star Sydney gay parade. (2007, day). NSW, p. 1. Organizers say Mardi Gras will be biggest ever. (2008, day). NSW, p. 1. Santow, S. (2002, August 1). Mardi Gras in danger. Retrieved April 9, 2009, from The World Today Archive of the ABC database: http://www. abc. net. au/worldtoday/stories/s637685. htm.